Baratta (1906)
This paper reports observations and other accounts collected during a field 
investigation carried out in the surroundings of Monteleone a few months after 
the 1905 earthquake. He reports of the transient drying of the Longobardi 
village public fountain, of sea level growing above the normal level up to six 
meters near the port of S. Venere, and of the occurrence of 50 cm-wide ground 
cracks at Fondo Gasparro, near Bivona (N of Vibo Valentia). By analysing the 
earthquake damage distribution he also infers three distinct epicenters: a 
superficial one localized in the Monteleone surrounding, a second near Ajello-
Martirano, and another one in the Montalto Uffugo-Rende area.

Cora (1906)
This investigator performed a field investigation in the surroundings of 
Monteleone (according to the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes, Boschi et 
al. 1997, the present village of Vibo Marina) in December 1905. He describes the 
occurrence of a few cm-wide ground cracks. One of them occurred near Lago Scifo, 
a coastal lake located near the Angitola River. He collects accounts of light 
phenomena and variations of spring flow and water temperature without providing 
their exact location.

Mercalli (1906)
This worker observes that the area of most severe damage has an elliptical shape 
with the N-S axis longer than the E-W, and includes an E-W zone along the 
Stretta di Catanzaro where damage is substantially lower. He hypothesises quasi-
contemporaneous activation of two distinct epicenters: the main one located 
south of the the Stretta di Catanzaro near Monteleone (the present-day Vibo 
Marina according to CFTI, Boschi et al. 1997) and the other north of the Stretta 
di Catanzaro, in the southwestern part of the Crati Valley. He also suggests 
some connection with the 12 October 1791 and the 12 February 1854 earthquakes. 
He stresses the fact that mud eruptions occurred along the southwest side of the 
Valle del Crati, in the Valle del Drago (between Rende and Montalto Uffugo), 
where similar eruptions occurred also during the 1854 earthquake. He reports no 
permanent vertical or horizontal dislocations in the landscape but mentions the 
occurrence of light phenomena that he relates to the earthquake.

Platania (1906)
This worker collects off-shore and in-land observations of earthquake effects on 
the sea movements. He produces a map of tsunami intensity at sea, describes the 
breakage of the Milazzo-Lipari telegraphic cable located 12 km East off the 
southern edge of the Vulcano Island and the rhythmical sea movements along the 
coast. He assumes the breakage of the Milazzo-Lipari telegraphic cable is 
related to earthquake-induced dislocation of the seafloor.

Rizzo (1907)
He reports that at Bivona beach (N of Vibo Valentia) the sea level moved inland 
about 30 m. He investigates in detail mud eruptions in the Velle del Drago 
concluding that these eruptions are triggered mainly by earthquakes. He also 
analyses several seismograms concluding that the epicentr is located at 38 
50' N (38.83 N) and 16 6' E (16.1 E).

Riuscetti and Schick (1974)
These workers provide an off-shore epicenter at 38.8 N 16.1 E, MB=6.8, MS=7.0, 
and thrust-type focal solution for the 1905 earthquake but they point out that 
the scarce available data do not preclude a strike-slip solution.

Ciaranfi et al. (1983 - the Neotectonic Map of Southern Italy)
In the sheet for the Interval IV-V (time-interval 0.7-0.018 My and 0.018 My-
today) this compilation shows two main active faults in the area, although not 
specifically defined as potential seismogenic sources: a NNE-dipping, about 9 
km-long normal fault along the N side of Capo Vaticano, and a NW-dipping about 
20 km-long normal fault along the Pizzo coast.

Martini and Scarpa (1983)
This paper analyses seismic records of the 1905 earthquake and derives 
an off-shore epicenter at 38.80 N and 18.10 E, a magnitude Mk=7.3 and a crustal 
hypocentral depth. The authors provide a tentative strike-slip fault plane 
solution but they also stress that a large spectrum of solutions can be 
hypothesised varying from their strike-slip one to a thrust type. They report 
also the occurrence of tsunami waves reaching up to 1.3 m above the normal level 
along the coasts of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea.

Mulargia et al. (1984)
Starting from the rather unconstrained focal solution produced by Martini and 
Scarpa (1983), this paper stresses that the occurrence of a tsunami wave implies 
large coseismic displacements and hence a focal mechanism with predominant 
vertical slip. Since the earthquake epicenter is located off-shore along the 
continuation of the Catanzaro angular graben, they suggest a normal faulting 
source.

Dumas et al. (1987)
These workers show a diagrammatic sketch of the relationships between 
differential uplift of the Pleistocene shorelines and the tectonic pattern of 
the Capo Vaticano Peninsula. Here they consider in detail a NE-SW fault located 
near Pizzo which they consider older than the shorelines and related to an 
Early-Pleistocene tectonic phase. The fault is thus considered inactive in 
recent times.

Westaway (1992)
Within a re-analysis of large Italian historical earthquakes, he relates the 
1905 earthquake to slip on a WSW-striking normal fault located along the west 
coast of Calabria, in agreement with Mulargia et al. (1984); the hangingwall of 
this fault would contain the southern part of the Paola basin. He reports an 
off-shore epicentral location at 38.8 N and 16.1 E (after Hobbs, 1907) and 
M<6.2.

Valensise et al. (1993)
This workers propose a blind NE-SW-striking SE-dipping fault on the basis of 
marine terraces, of an analysis of the drainage pattern and of the analogy with 
the Gioia Tauro Plain source. The fault would be located off-shore along the 
Sant'Eufemia Gulf.

Westaway (1993)
Within a paper that analyses marine terraces of southern Italy, Westaway
describes a normal fault bounding the north coast of Capo Vaticano and suggests 
that it slipped during the 1905 earthquake. He observes that here all individual 
marine terrace platforms are 5% higher than elsewhere along the Tyrrhenian 
coast. This is used to infer an uplift rate of ~ 0.05 mm/yr in addition to the 
regional uplift recorded in the surroundings and hence a vertical slip rate of 
~0.1 mm/y on the fault. He also predicts ~50 m of footwall uplift in 900 Kyr.

Tortorici et al. (1995)
These workers investigate the relationships between field observation of active 
faulting and historical seismicity of the Calabrian Arc without taking in 
consideration the 1905 earthquake directly. However, in their seismotectonic 
sketch of the Calabrian Arc a 1905 off-shore epicenter is reported, although no 
Quaternary faults that could be correlated with the 1905 earthquake is shown.

Boschi et al. (1997)
This catalogue re-analyses the distribution of 1905 intensity data and locates 
the epicenter inland at 38.67 N, 16.07 E. Ground cracks in the Monte Poro-
Sant'Eufemia Gulf area are also reported.

Camassi and Stucchi (1997)
The NT 4.1.1  parametric catalogue of Italian historical earthquakes locates the 
macroseismic epicenter of the 1905 earthquake off-shore at 38.75 N, 16.03 E.

CPTI Working Group (1999)
The newest parametric catalogue of Italian historical seismicity locates the 
1905 earthquake inland, in agreement with the solution proposed by Boschi et al. 
(1997).
